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A school district is a form of special-purpose district which serves to operate local public primary and secondary schools. ==United States== In the United States, public schools belong to school districts, which are governed by school boards. Each district is an independent special-purpose government, or dependent school systems, under the guidelines of state government and local school boards. A school district is a legally separate body corporate and politic. School districts are local governments with powers similar to that of a town or a county including taxation and eminent domain, except in Virginia, whose school divisions have no taxing authority and must depend on another local government (county, city, or town) for funding. Its governing body, which is typically elected by direct popular vote but may be appointed by other governmental officials, is called a ''school board'', ''board of trustees'', ''board of education'', ''school committee'', or the like. This body appoints a ''superintendent'', usually an experienced public school administrator, to function as the district's chief executive for carrying out day-to-day decisions and policy implementations. The school board may also exercise a quasi-judicial function in serious employee or student discipline matters. School districts in the Midwest and West tend to cross municipal boundaries, while school districts in New England and the Mid-Atlantic regions tend to adhere to city, township, and/or county boundaries.〔"(School Districts )" ((Archive )) U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on June 20, 2015.〕 Not all school systems constitute school districts as distinct bodies corporate. In most Southern states, school systems operate either as an arm of county government, or at least share coextensive boundaries with the state's counties. In Maryland, most school systems are run at the county level, but the Baltimore City system operates separately, at a county-equivalent level. Other states, such as New York, have both independent school districts and school systems that are subordinate to cities. The Hawaii State Department of Education functions as a single statewide school district. This is unique among the states, but the District of Columbia Public Schools operates district public schools in Washington, DC and the Puerto Rico Department of Education operates all public schools in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, thus they also function as single school districts. In the 2002 Census of Governments, the United States Census Bureau enumerated the following numbers of school systems in the United States: *13,506 school district governments *178 state-dependent school systems *1,330 local-dependent school systems *1,196 education service agencies and (agencies providing support services to public school systems) School districts in the US have reduced the number of their employees by 3.3%, or 270,000 between 2008 and 2012, owing to a decline in property taxes. 〔USA Today published March 13, 2012, page A1,"Property taxes start to decline"〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「school district」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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